2025-01-20 DeepSeek
DeepSeek R1 released — the origin of the "DeepSeek Shock"
Open-weight reasoning model released under the MIT license. Achieved OpenAI o1-class reasoning at low cost, triggering the "DeepSeek Shock."
Major LLM Model Release Timeline [Jan 2025 – Oct 2026]
Release timeline of major OpenAI (GPT-5), Anthropic (Claude 4/5), Google (Gemini 3), DeepSeek (R1/V4) and xAI (Grok) models, verified against each company's official announcements. See Pricing Comparison for current rates and the Token Calculator for cost estimates.
OpenAIAnthropicGoogleDeepSeekZhipu/Z.aixAIMeta
2025
2025-08-07 OpenAI
GPT-5 released — router-based system unifying fast response and reasoning
OpenAI's first unified system that auto-selects between a fast-response model and a reasoning model via a real-time router. Current generation is the GPT-5.6 family.
2025-11-18 Google
Gemini 3 Pro released — 1M-token multimodal understanding tops LMArena
1M-token context window and enhanced multimodal understanding. Recorded 1501 Elo on LMArena.
2026
2026-02-05 Anthropic
Claude Opus 4.6 released — 1M-token context on the flagship
Introduced a 1M-token context window to Anthropic's flagship. Long-document retrieval accuracy significantly improved.
2026-02-17 Anthropic
Claude Sonnet 4.6 released
Balanced model with upgraded coding, computer use, long-form reasoning and agentic planning. $3.00/$15.00
2026-02-19 Google
Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview released
Major abstract reasoning gains. 77.1% on ARC-AGI-2. $2.00/$12.00 (≤200K)
2026-03-05 OpenAI
GPT-5.4 released — native Computer Use API debut
Native Computer Use (OSWorld 75%). Five-level reasoning effort control. $2.50/$15.00
2026-04-16 Anthropic
Claude Opus 4.7 released — new xhigh reasoning effort
Coding (SWE-bench Pro 64.3%) and vision gains. Began adopting a new tokenizer.
2026-04-23 OpenAI
GPT-5.5 released
Then-flagship with stronger agentic computer use and scientific research support. $5.00/$30.00
2026-04-24 DeepSeek
DeepSeek V4 Pro/Flash Preview released
1M-token context, MIT license. V4 Pro (1.6T/49B active) · V4 Flash (284B/13B active). V4 Pro $0.435/$0.87 (promo at the time, now retired)
2026-05-19 Google
Gemini 3.5 Flash GA — Google I/O 2026
Optimized for agents and coding. Beats 3.1 Pro benchmarks at 4× speed. $1.50/$9.00
2026-05-28 Anthropic
Claude Opus 4.8 released
Code-defect misses reduced to roughly 1/4. Dynamic Workflows research preview. $5.00/$25.00
2026-06-09 Anthropic
Claude Fable 5 / Mythos 5 released — new "Mythos class" tier
New tier above Opus. Fable 5 general availability, Mythos 5 limited. Paused 6/12 → restored 7/1. Fable 5 $10.00/$50.00
2026-06-30 Anthropic
Claude Sonnet 5 released
The "most agentic" Sonnet. Near-Opus 4.8 performance at a low price. The $2/$10 introductory price was made permanent on 2026-08-10 (the $3/$15 increase scheduled for Sep 1 will not occur). $2.00/$10.00 (permanent)
2026-07-09 OpenAI
GPT-5.6 family released — Sol / Terra / Luna
New flagship Sol, balanced Terra, and fastest low-cost Luna released together. Terra/Luna price cuts on 7/30. Sol $5/$30 · Terra $2/$12 · Luna $0.20/$1.20 (after 7/30)
2026-07-21 Google
Gemini 3.6 Flash, 3.5 Flash-Lite, 3.5 Flash Cyber released New
3.6 Flash has cheaper output than 3.5 Flash ($7.50 vs $9.00). 3.5 Flash-Lite is the cheapest Gemini 3.x ($0.30/$2.50) for high-throughput agents. 3.5 Flash Cyber is cybersecurity-focused. 3.6 Flash $1.50/$7.50 · Flash-Lite $0.30/$2.50
2026-07-24 Anthropic
Claude Opus 5 released — Opus 4.8 successor, same price, better performance New
Premium successor to Opus 4.8. Same price ($5/$25) with improved coding and professional tasks. Fast mode ($10/$50). ~85% fewer safety-classifier interventions vs Fable 5. $5.00/$25.00
2026-07-30 OpenAI
GPT-5.6 Terra/Luna major price cuts Updated
Terra: $2.50→$2.00 / $15.00→$12.00. Luna: $1.00→$0.20 / $6.00→$1.20 (80% cut). Priority processing → Fast mode renamed the same day. Terra $2/$12 · Luna $0.20/$1.20
2026-07-31 DeepSeek
DeepSeek V4 Flash officially released (public beta) New
API model name deepseek-v4-flash. Native Responses API and Codex support. Agent benchmarks far exceed V4-Pro-Preview. V4-Pro API and APP/WEB unchanged.
2026-08-12 xAI
Grok 4.6 released — new flagship for code & agents
Successor to Grok 4.5. Scores 61 on the AA Intelligence Index, matching GPT-5.6 Sol. 500K context, knowledge cutoff Feb 1 2026. $2/$6 (fast 2×)
2026-08-13 DeepSeek
DeepSeek V4 Pro GA released — peak/off-peak pricing introduced New
GA rollout on APP, Web and API (model name deepseek-v4-pro). Responses API support, three thinking-effort levels (low/high/max). Peak/off-peak pricing from 8/16 16:00 UTC (off-peak = half of peak). Weekends off-peak all day since 8/23. V4 Pro output off-peak $1.98 / peak $3.96
2026-08-14 Google
Gemini 3.7 Flash released — most capable Flash for coding & agents
Three weeks after 3.6 Flash. Intro price at half ($0.75/$3.75 thru 12/31 → $1.50/$7.50). FrontierCode 43.6% · DeepSWE 65.3%. $0.75/$3.75 (thru 12/31)
2026-08-19 OpenAI / Cloudflare
GPT-5.6 Sol 50% off via Cloudflare AI Gateway New
Routing to openai/gpt-5.6-sol through Cloudflare AI Gateway applies 50% off automatically (Unified Billing only; Bring Your Own Keys excluded). Input $2.50 / output $15 / cache read $0.25 (through 2026-09-18).
2026-08-21 DeepSeek
DeepSeek V4 Flash Vision Exp released (experimental) New
Experimental multimodal vision model, accessed via model='deepseek-v4-flash-vision-exp'. On par with V4 Flash on pure text; large gains on vision agent benchmarks.
2026-08-21 OpenAI
GPT-5.6 Sol promo price — $4/$20 (at least through 11/21) New
Flagship Sol cut from $5→$4 input / $30→$20 output for 3 months. Applies to Fast mode, long-context, and Batch/Flex too. Was $5/$30. Promo guaranteed "at least through 2026-11-21".$4/$20 (Short context)
2026-08-26 Zhipu / Z.ai
GLM 5.3 Flash released — natively multimodal at Flash cost New
The first natively multimodal GLM-5 model. 320B/18B MoE, 1M context, 128K output, MIT. Beats GLM-5.2 on coding/agentic benchmarks at ~1/10 the price. $0.15/$0.50 (list)
2026-08-26 Alibaba / Qwen
Qwen3.8-Flash released — low-cost multimodal, Qwen4 architecture preview New
A 125B (6B active) + 51B N-gram multimodal MoE. The GDN+QSA hybrid beats Qwen3.7-Plus on coding, office and agentic benchmarks at ~1/9 the training cost. Open-weight Flash-Next also on HF/ModelScope. $0.15/$0.47 (international)
2026-09-01 Anthropic
Claude Fable 5.1 / Mythos 5.1 released — new Mythos-class flagship New
A new frontier for coding, knowledge work and long-horizon agents. Same model, different safeguards (Fable 5.1 generally available / Mythos 5.1 trusted-access only). Cache reads cut 75% ($1.00→$0.25). 1M context, 128K output. Terminal-Bench-Science 52.6% (more than double Fable 5's 24.7%). $10/$50 · cache read $0.25
2026-09-02 Google
Gemini 3.8 Flash / 3.8 Flash Cyber released — best reasoning & coding Flash New
Three weeks after 3.7 Flash — third Flash release in six weeks. Intro $0.75/$3.75 (thru 12/31 → $1.50/$7.50). DeepSWE 73.8% · HLE-Verified 54.9%. Cybersecurity-focused 3.8 Flash Cyber is Fairwind Program-only. $0.75/$3.75 (thru 12/31)
2026-09-03 OpenAI
GPT-6 Astra released — new-generation flagship ($10/$50) New
Successor to GPT-5.6 Sol. State-of-the-art computer use, coding, cybersecurity and science. ARC-AGI-3 99.9% · ExploitBench 100% · Terminal-Bench Science 64.6%. 1.05M context, 128K output. Staged rollout (Daybreak → API/Plus). $10/$50
2026-09-10 DeepSeek
DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash released — steep price cuts, native image input (V4 Pro routing later withdrawn) New
The smallest model in the new architecture family: 1M context, 384K output, native image input, thinking by default. API name deepseek-flash. V4 Flash and V4 Flash Vision Exp are retired and consolidated into V4.1 Flash. DeepSeek initially said V4 Pro requests would route to V4.1 Flash from 2026-09-14, but that notice was later withdrawn and V4 Pro continues (no V4.1 Pro release date announced). $0.15/$0.60 (off-peak, cache-miss input/output)
2026-09-13 DeepSeek (verified by this site)
DeepSeek V4 Pro confirmed to continue — the 9/14 routing notice is withdrawn
Footnote (2) of the official pricing page and the change log now read: "In response to user demand, we have decided to continue providing API services for DeepSeek V4 Pro after September 14, 2026, with the billing method remaining unchanged." The V4 Pro price row (off-peak input $0.66 / output $1.98) is retained, so deepseek-v4-pro keeps its own rates. $0.66/$1.98 (off-peak, cache-miss input/output)
2026-09-21 xAI
Grok 4.7 released — larger base model, $2/$6 pricing unchanged New
Successor to Grok 4.6. 500K context, May 2026 knowledge cutoff. Beats Grok 4.6 on all seven official benchmarks and leads the four-model field on EEBench and the Harvey Legal Agent Benchmark. Third-party testing puts it at 46 on the Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index versus 53 for Fable 5.1 and GPT-6. $2/$6 (Fast 2x · $4/$12 above 200K)
2026-09-22 Anthropic
Claude Opus 5.5 released — first of the Claude 5.5 family, cheaper than Opus 5 New
Anthropic's first model in the new Claude 5.5 family. The official claim: performance at the level of Fable 5.1 on most work at 40% lower cost than Opus 5 on typical workloads. Input $5→$4, output $25→$20, cache reads $0.50→$0.20 (down 60%); Fast mode $8/$40. 1M context, 128K max output, June 2026 knowledge cutoff. Thinking can no longer be disabled — depth is set with effort (default medium). Sonnet 5.5 shipped on 9/28 (see the entry below); Haiku 5.5 is still unconfirmed. $4/$20 (cache read $0.20, write $5)
2026-09-22 Xiaomi
Xiaomi MiMo-V2.6 released — natively omnimodal, 1M context, pricing unchanged from V2.5 New
Three variants: Pro, Flash and Pro-UltraSpeed. Its official model page confirms text, image, video and audio input, text output and a 1M-token context. Pricing: Flash $0.14/$0.28, Pro $0.435/$0.87, Pro-UltraSpeed $4.35/$8.7 (cache hits $0.0028 / $0.0036 / $0.036). Xiaomi claims 46.32 on the Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index v4.3 and calls it “the strongest open-source model to date”. Technical report, training environment and RL code are released, with the production RL run live-streamed. $0.14 / $0.435 / $4.35 (input per 1M)
2026-09-22 OpenAI
GPT-6 Sol and GPT-6 Luna released — 50% cheaper than the GPT-5.6 versions New
The two practical tiers of the GPT-6 generation. Sol falls from $4/$20 to $2/$10; Luna from $0.20/$1.20 to $0.10/$0.50. Cached input is discounted 90% ($0.20 for Sol, $0.01 for Luna). 1,050,000-token context, 128K max output. GPT-5.6 Sol and Luna become legacy. Available in ChatGPT Work and Codex; Free and Go users get Luna in the desktop app. Announced alongside prompt-caching improvements that let you change reasoning effort without invalidating the cache. $2/$10 (Sol) · $0.10/$0.50 (Luna)
2026-09-22 Alibaba / Qwen
Qwen 4 announced as “in training” — no date, price or weights New
In its own press release at Apsara Conference 2026 (Sep 22, Hangzhou), Alibaba said only that its next-generation model, Qwen 4, is currently in training. No release date, parameter count, licence, price or API identifier has been published. The same release sets out a roadmap in which the following Qwen 4.5 and Qwen 5 series are projected to scale to 5–10 trillion parameters (that is not a Qwen 4 specification). Also announced: Qwen3.8-LiveTranslate, the Qwen-Audio-3.1 family, the Qwen Intelligence agent platform for phones, and Qwen-Image 3.1 later in 2026.
How we treat it: announced but not shipped, so no dedicated page — recorded here, and we will publish pricing and specs once confirmed in primary sources.Price not published
2026-09-28 Anthropic
Claude Sonnet 5.5 released — the balanced model of the Claude 5.5 family, at the same price as Sonnet 5 New
The second model in Anthropic's Claude 5.5 family; the docs call it "the best combination of speed and intelligence". $2 input / $10 output, the same as the previous-generation Sonnet 5, and $0.10 cache reads — half of Sonnet 5's $0.20; $2.50 5-minute and $4 one-hour cache writes. 1M context, 128K max output, knowledge cutoff June 2026. Adaptive thinking is on by default with a default effort of high, and between_tools turns off up-front thinking. No benchmark table is published. Available on the Claude API, Amazon Bedrock, Vertex AI, Microsoft Foundry and Claude Platform on AWS. $2/$10 (cache read $0.10, write $2.50)
2026-09-29 OpenAI
GPT-6.1 Sol released — the balanced GPT-6 model, same price as Sol with cached input halved New
Positioning: the official model page says “Near-Astra performance for complex work at a lower cost”. Model ID gpt-6.1-sol.
Pricing: $2 input / $10 output (same as GPT-6 Sol), $0.10 cached input (5% of input), $2.50 cache writes. Prompts above 272,000 input tokens are repriced at 2x input and 1.5x output for the whole request. Fast 2x, Ultrafast 6x, Batch/Flex 50% off.
Specs: 1,050,000 context, 128,000 max output, 922,000 max input, knowledge cutoff 2026-04-30. Reasoning effort low / medium (default) / high / xhigh / max; none and minimal are not supported (GPT-6 Sol supports none).
On the date: the model page states no release date, so we publish the date reported by third parties and label it as third-party information. $2/$10 ($0.10 cached input, $2.50 writes)
2026-09-30 Google
Gemini 4 Argon announced — rolling out to trusted cyber defenders first, general access phased GA済
A new frontier model.
Release stages: (1) rolling out now through the Fairwind Program — the post's term is "trusted cyber defenders"; a limited program for invited testers such as security specialists, not an open sign-up; (2) to developers, enterprises and consumers "as soon as possible", starting with paid API customers and Google AI Ultra subscribers per the official post. Google says it is engaged in the U.S. government's voluntary pre-release access process while it iterates on guardrails and expands access.
What you can do today: the only route is the Fairwind Program (invitation-based) — no general API or consumer access yet, and you cannot buy at this price yet. Context: 1 million tokens (per the post summary).
Pricing: $2 per 1M input tokens / $10 per 1M output tokens, with cached input at 95% off the input price, is announced as an introductory price for launch; the post does not state that billing has started.
Benchmarks: the official post publishes no benchmark table, so we do not list aggregate-site scores as numbers here (any mention stays at the level of "as reported by ...").Announced intro price $2/$10 (cached input 95% off)
Gemini 4 Argon became generally available in October 2026; see the entry below and the pricing comparison.
2026-10-06 Google
Gemini Nano Banana 2.1 released — updated image generation and conversational editing; Nano Banana 2 (3.1 Flash Image) deprecated New
Status: generally available per Google’s official release notes (Oct 6, 2026). An update to Nano Banana 2 (gemini-3.1-flash-image) that keeps Flash-level speed and cost efficiency while improving visual quality, prompt adherence, multi-turn character consistency, text rendering, and wide / panoramic ratios (1:4, 4:1, 1:8, 8:1) at 1K, 2K and 4K.
Pricing: $1.50 input, $7.50 output (text and thinking), $30 per 1M image tokens — roughly $0.0336 at 1K, $0.0504 at 2K and $0.113 at 4K per image (half on Batch). Output resolutions 1K (default) / 2K / 4K; thinking levels minimal / medium (default) / high.
Also announced: gemini-3.1-flash-image (Nano Banana 2) is now deprecated (no shutdown date announced) and Google points users to gemini-nano-banana-2.1.$1.50 / $7.50 ($30/M images · $0.0336 at 1K)
2026-10-07 Anthropic
Claude Haiku 5.5 released — fastest and cheapest of the Claude 5.5 family at one tenth of Haiku 4.5 New
Pricing: $0.10 input / $0.50 output per 1M tokens up to 100,000 tokens — one tenth of Haiku 4.5 ($1.00/$5.00). Above 100,000 tokens the rates become $0.50 / $2.50. Cache reads $0.01 ($0.05 above 100k); cache writes $0.125 for 5 minutes and $0.20 for one hour.
Specs: 1M context, 128K max output (300K on the Batch API with a beta header), adaptive thinking on by default at effort medium, Fastest latency, knowledge cutoff June 2026.
Caveats: the new tokenizer shared with Claude 4.7 and later counts the same text as roughly 30% more tokens than Haiku 4.5, and temperature, top_p or top_k return a 400 error when set to non-default values. $0.10/$0.50 (above 100k: $0.50/$2.50)
2026-10-12
Meta launches Muse Wonder / Muse Wonder Full — its agent-first frontier models New
Pricing: muse-wonder-1.0 is $4.00 input / $0.20 cached input / $20.00 output per 1M tokens. No long-context premium (rate is flat whether the window is nearly empty or nearly full) and no Contributor mode. Web search grounding is billed separately at $2.50 per 1,000 queries.
Specs: 1M context, built for long-running agents, sub-agent delegation and advanced computer use (browser, desktop, mobile).
Tier above: Muse Wonder Full is not token-priced; it ships by subscription in Muse Code (Power $50/mo, Maximum $200/mo). Muse Code plans also serve muse-spark-1.3 / 1.2 / 1.1 at $1.25 input / $0.15 cached / $4.25 output (Contributor mode $0.10 / $0.002 / $0.20; Spark 1.1 is Standard mode only).$4.00 / $0.20 / $20.00
2026-10 Google
Gemini 4 Argon is generally available — a 1M-context flagship reasoning model New
Pricing: $2.00 input / $10.00 output (including thinking tokens) / $0.10 context caching per 1M tokens. All are introductory rates through November 30, 2026, rising to $4.00 / $20.00 / $0.20 on December 1. Implicit caching only (explicit caching is not supported) and no free tier (“Not available”).
Specs: 1,048,576-token context window (a unified input and output limit), 65,536 max output synchronously and up to 1,048,576 with long decode. Model ID gemini-4-argon, status Stable (GA); the official model page states “Latest update: October 2026”.
Positioning: built for complex software engineering, hard maths and science, autonomous multi-step agents and long decode.$2.00 / $10.00 (through 11/30, cache $0.10)
About this timeline
- Inclusion criteria: Only models verified against official company blogs / release notes as primary sources.
- Scope: Limited to flagship-tier and high-profile releases from the five major providers.
- Pricing: See the Pricing Comparison for current rates (prices shown here are simplified).
- Update policy: Appended as new models are released.
⚠️ Disclaimer
- Release dates are confirmed via official announcements or multiple independent sources. Omissions or errors are possible.
- Pricing changes frequently. Always check the Pricing Comparison and official pages before contracting.